- InChI
- InChI=1S/C7H8O2S/c1-2-9-7(8)6-4-3-5-10-6/h3-5H,2H2,1H3
- InChI Key
- JZGZKRJVTIRPOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Formula
- C7H8O2S
- SMILES
- CCOC(=O)c1cccs1
- Molecular Weight1
- 156.20
- CAS
- 2810-04-0
- Other Names
-
- 2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid, ethyl ester
- Ethyl 2-thenoate
- Ethyl 2-thiophenecarboxylate
- Ethyl thiophene-2-carboxylate
- ΔvapH° : Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions (kJ/mol).
- ΔvapH : Enthalpy of vaporization at a given temperature (kJ/mol).
- log10WS : Log10 of Water solubility in mol/l.
- logPoct/wat : Octanol/Water partition coefficient.
- McVol : McGowan's characteristic volume (ml/mol).
- Tboil : Normal Boiling Point Temperature (K).
- 1: Molecular weight from the IUPAC atomic weights tables.
Cheméo is a service of Céondo GmbH, since 2007, we provide simulation, modelling and software development services for the industry.
Do not hesitate to contact us for your projects.
Physical Properties
| Property | Value | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ΔvapH° | 56.60 ± 1.30 | kJ/mol | NIST |
| log10WS | -1.89 | Crippen Calculated Property | |
| logPoct/wat | 1.925 | Crippen Calculated Property | |
| McVol | 113.820 | ml/mol | McGowan Calculated Property |
| Tboil | 491.20 | K | NIST |
Temperature Dependent Properties
| Property | Value | Unit | Temperature (K) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔvapH | 61.20 | kJ/mol | 298.15 | Experim... |
Similar Compounds
![Methyl benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate.](data:image/png;base64,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)
Find more compounds similar to Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.
Sources
- Crippen Method
- Crippen Method
- Calorimetric study of methyl and ethyl 2-thiophenecarboxylates and ethyl 2- and 3-thiopheneacetates
- Experimental redetermination of the gas-phase enthalpy of formation of ethyl 2-thiophenecarboxylate
- McGowan Method
- NIST Webbook
Note: Cheméo is only indexing the data, follow the source links to retrieve the latest data. The source is also providing more information like the publication year, authors and more. Take the time to validate and double check the source of the data.